Prevalence and Genomic Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Kentucky Sequence Type 198 Circulating — Beijing Municipality， China， 2016–2023
Mei Qu1; Ying Huang1; Bing Lyu1; Xin Zhang1; Yi Tian1; Zhaomin Feng1; Zhiyong Gao1; Daitao Zhang1#
1. Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning， Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control， Beijing， China.
# Corresponding author: Daitao Zhang， zdt016@163.com
性交
The emergence of fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella Kentucky ST198， a multidrug-resistant (MDR) clone， poses a significant threat to public health globally. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence， genetic characteristics， and antimicrobial resistance profiles of S. Kentucky ST198 in Beijing Municipality， China. We performed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing on 54 S. Kentucky isolates recovered from food and clinical samples collected between 2016 and 2023 to analyze their genetic evolution. All 54 S. Kentucky isolates exhibited resistance to fluoroquinolones， harboring two mutations (gyrA_S83F and parC_S80I) within the quinolone resistance-determining region. Resistance to other antimicrobial classes， including folate pathway inhibitors， cephalosporins， aminoglycosides， phenicols， rifampicin， fosfomycin， macrolides， and tetracyclines， was conferred by a variety of resistance genes， such as sul1， sul2， dfrA14， blaCTX-M， blaTEM-1B， aac(3)-Id， aadA2， aadA7， aph(3')-I， aph(3'')-Ib， rmtB， floR， arr-2， fosA， mph(A)， and tet(A)， resulting in diverse resistance patterns. Phylogenetic analysis of the S. Kentucky ST198 isolates from Beijing revealed two main branches， 198.2-1 and 198.2-2. Branch 198.2-2 was further subdivided into three sub-branches: 198.2-2A， 198.2-2B， and 198.2-2C. Isolates belonging to branch 198.2-1 harbored blaCTX-M-14b， while those in branch 198.2-2 exhibited more complex resistance phenotypes， with most isolates carrying blaCTX-M-55， blaTEM-1B， and the chromosomally located qnrS1 gene. Notably， two major clones， cgST236434 from branch 198.2-1 and cgST296405 from branch 198.2-2A， were responsible for outbreaks of S. Kentucky. S. Kentucky has persisted in Beijing since 2016， causing both outbreaks and sporadic infections. The circulating strains exhibit genetic diversity， comprising multiple lineages. Enhanced surveillance of S. Kentucky in both food and human populations is crucial to prevent and control the spread of antimicrobial resistance.
ST198型多重耐药肯塔基头陀菌流行情况及基因组特征 — 中国北京市，2016-2023年
曲梅1；黄瑛1；吕冰1；张新1；田祎1；冯兆民1；高志勇1；张代涛1#
1 食物中毒会诊溯源技艺北京市重心实验室，北京疾控中心，北京，中国；
#通信作家：张代涛，zdt016@163.com。
氟喹诺酮类耐药的ST198型肯塔基头陀菌已成为全球性的多重耐药克隆株，对环球卫生组成挟制。了解北京市ST198型肯塔基头陀菌流行情况、遗传性格及耐药特征。接受全基因组测序和抗生素药物明锐性检测，对2016～2023年来自食物和临床样天职离到的54株肯塔基头陀菌进行遗传进化分析。54株肯塔基头陀菌沿路对喹诺酮类药物耐药，喹诺酮耐药决定区捎带2个突变位点（gyrA_S83F 和 parC_S80I）。对其他类抗生素（叶酸路线贬抑剂、头孢菌素类、氨基糖苷类、酚类、利福霉素、磷霉素、大环内酯类和四环素类）的耐药，由 sul1、sul2、dfrA14、blaCTX-M、blaTEM_1B、aac(3)-Id、aadA2、aadA7、aph(3')-I、aph(3'')-Ib、rmtB、floR、arr-2、fosA、mph(A) 和 tet(A)等耐药基因介导，存在多种耐药组合。北京市ST198 型肯塔基头陀菌系统发育树清晰存在 198.2-1 和 198.2-2 两个分支，198.2-2进一步分化为198.2-2A、198.2-2B 和 198.2-2C 三个亚分支。198.2-1分支的菌株捎带 blaCTX-M-14b ；而198.2-2 分支的菌株则知道出更复杂的耐药表型，大大王人菌株捎带blaCTX-M-55 和 blaTEM-1B，以及位于染色体上的 qnrS1基因。肯塔基头陀菌暴发菌株主要有两个克隆开首：198.2-1 分支 cgST236434和198.2-2A分支 cgST296405。自2016 年以来肯塔基头陀菌在北京一直握续存在，引起暴发和流行，由多个谱系组成，具有遗传各类性。加强对食物和东说念主类的肯塔基头陀菌的监测将有助于贯注和结果耐药性的传播。
For more information: https://weekly.chinacdc.cn/en/article/doi/10.46234/ccdcw2024.179
Post-Marketing Surveillance of Adverse Events Following Immunization with Haemophilus Influenzae Type b Conjugate Vaccine — China， 2010–2021
Minrui Ren1; Keli Li1#; Yan Li1; Chunxiang Fan1; Yuyang Xu1，2; Lina Zhang1; Yuan Li1; Lei Cao1; Wenzhou Yu1; Zundong Yin1
1. National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases (NITFID)， National Immunization Program， Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention， Beijing， China;
2. Department of Expanded Program on Immunization， Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention， Hangzhou City， Zhejiang Province， China.
# Corresponding author: Keli Li， likl@chinacdc.cn.
The Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccine is widely administered in China. This study extracted data on Hib vaccine doses administered and adverse events following immunization (AEFI) reported between 2010 and 2021 from the Chinese National Immunization Information System (CNIIS). A descriptive analysis was conducted to examine the characteristics and incidence rates of AEFI associated with the Hib vaccine. In China， between 2010 and 2021， a total of 52，910 AEFI associated with the Hib vaccine were reported， resulting in an overall AEFI reporting rate of 38.10 per 100，000 doses. Common (typically minor) and rare (potentially serious) vaccine reactions occurred at rates of 34.71 and 2.78 per 100，000 doses， respectively. Among the common reactions， the incidences of severe fever (axillary temperature ≥38.6℃)， injection site redness and swelling (>2.5cm in diameter)， and injection site induration (>2.5cm in diameter) were 11.93， 9.69， and 3.38 per 100，000 doses， respectively. Rare vaccine reactions included anaphylactic rash， angioedema， and febrile convulsion with reported incidences of 2.42， 0.10， and 0.05 per 100，000 doses， respectively. The incidence of severe rare vaccine reactions was 0.16 per 100，000 doses. The reported incidence of Hib vaccine-associated AEFI was low， with the occurrence of serious， rare adverse reactions also being markedly low throughout the period 2010–2021 in China. Enhanced surveillance of AEFI is recommended.
b型流感嗜血杆菌迷惑疫苗疑似贯注接种特地反映监测分析 — 中国，2010-2021年
任敏睿1; 李克莉1#; 李燕1; 樊春祥1; 许玉洋1，2; 张丽娜1; 李媛1; 曹雷1; 余文周1; 尹遵栋1
1. 传染病溯源预警与智能决议寰宇重心实验室，中国疾病贯注结果中心免疫霸术中心，北京，中国；
2. 杭州市疾控中心免疫贯注所，杭州市，浙江省，中国。
#通信作家：李克莉， likl@chinacdc.cn。
b型流感嗜血杆菌（Hib）迷惑疫苗在中国正常使用。本洽商通过中国免疫霸术信息系统网罗2010-2021年Hib疫苗接种剂次数据和疑似贯注接种特地反映（AEFI）讲授数据，描述性分析AEFI漫衍特征和讲授发生率。2010-2021年中国共讲授52，910例Hib疫苗AEFI，AEFI讲授发生率为38.10/10万剂。一般反映和特地反映讲授发生率辞别为34.71/10万和2.78/10万。一般反映中，高热（腋温≥38.6℃）、局部红肿（直径>2.5cm）、局部硬结（直径>2.5cm）讲授发生率辞别为11.93/10万、9.69/10万和3.38/10万。特地反映中，过敏性皮疹、血管性水肿和热性惊厥讲授发生率辞别为2.42/10万、0.10/10万和0.05/10万。严重特地反映讲授发生率为0.16/10万。效能标明中国2010-2021年Hib疫苗AEFI讲授发生率较低，严重特地反映讲授发生率极低；需不息加强Hib疫苗AEFI监测。
For more information: https://weekly.chinacdc.cn/en/article/doi/10.46234/ccdcw2024.180俺去啦
Risk Factors for Norovirus Outbreaks in Schools and Kindergartens — Beijing Municipality， China， July 2017–June 2022
Baiwei Liu1; Yu Wang1; Mengdi Tan2; Boran E3; Dongxue Zhang4; Hanqiu Yan1; Quanyi Wang1; Daitao Zhang1; Lei Jia1#; Zhiyong Gao1，2#
1. Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control， Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control， Beijing， China;
2. School of Public Health， China Medical University， Shenyang City， Liaoning Province， China;
3. School of Public Health， Capital Medical University， Beijing， China;
4. Department of Endocrinology， Beijing Shijitan Hospital， Capital Medical University， Beijing， China.
# Corresponding author: Lei Jia， Lailajia@126.com; Zhiyong Gao， zhiyonggao1@163.com
The study analyzing norovirus outbreaks in Beijing schools and kindergartens from 2017 to 2022 has identified the risk factors contributing to these events. The research examined 1，163 norovirus clusters and outbreaks caused by person-to-person transmission， and conditional logistic regression showed that students vomiting at school， case activity in public areas， and classrooms located less than 5 meters from toilets increased the risk of outbreaks. The study emphasizes the importance of dealing with vomit in a standardized way， immediate isolation of sick individuals and timely toilet disinfection to prevent norovirus outbreaks. In China， nearly 90% of norovirus outbreaks occur in schools and kindergartens， and it is necessary to take targeted prevention and control measures in these institutions to reduce the burden of disease and protect public health.
学校及托幼机构中诺如病毒暴发疫情的危急因素分析 — 北京，2017年6月至2022年7月
刘白薇1；王宇1；谭梦迪2；鄂博然3；张冬雪4；严寒秋1；王全意1；张代涛1；贾蕾1#；高志勇1，2#
1 北京市疾病贯注结果中心传染病场地病结果所，北京，中国；
2 中国医科大学环球卫生学院，沈阳市，辽宁省，中国；
3 王人门医科大学环球卫生学院，北京，中国；
4 北京世纪坛病院内分泌科，北京，中国。
#通信作家：贾蕾，Lailajia@126.com；高志勇，zhiyonggao1@163.com。
这项洽商分析了2017年至2022年北京市学校和幼儿园发生的诺如病毒疫情，探讨了发生诺如病毒暴发疫情的危急因素。该洽商纳入了1，163起东说念主-东说念主传播引起的诺如病毒纠合性和暴发疫情，行使条目logistic追忆分析发现学生在学校吐逆、病例在环球时事行径和教室距离茅厕不到5米增多了诺如病毒暴发疫情的发生风险。该洽商强调了方式处理吐逆物、立即闭塞病例和实时消毒环球茅厕对贯注诺如病毒暴发疫情的进击性。我国90%的诺如病毒暴发疫情发生在学校和幼儿园，有必要在这些机构聘用针对性的防控措施，以松开疾病包袱，保护公众健康。
For more information: https://weekly.chinacdc.cn/en/article/doi/10.46234/ccdcw2024.181
Infection and Genomic Characteristics of Campylobacter jejunifrom a Patient Without Diarrhea — China， 2018
Xiangdong Yang1，2; Wen Wang1; Chajin Cui3; Binbin Yu2; Qing Zhang2; Yanhua Wang1#
1. Ecological Medicine Research Center， National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases， National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention， Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention， Beijing， China
2. Department of Zoonotic Disease Control and Prevention， Yunnan Institute of Endemic Diseases Control & Prevention， Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture， Yunnan Province， China
3. Medical Laboratory Department， Yunnan Luxi County People’s Hospital， Honghe Hani-Yi Autonomous Prefecture， Yunnan Province， China
#Corresponding author: Yanhua Wang， wangyanhua@icdc.cn.
A child with Campylobacter jejuni infection manifested high fever and convulsions， deviating from the typical diarrheal symptoms. This study aims to investigate the genetic characteristics responsible for this unique phenotype. The L8 strain isolated from the patient underwent whole-genome sequencing， followed by phylogenetic analyses using Bayesian Analysis of Population Structure (BAPS) with a representative set of 83 strains. Subsequently， this isolate was compared with reference strains to assess the distribution of common virulence factors and identify specific virulence factors. Additionally， analyses were conducted on the Type VI Secretion System (T6SS) and C. jejuni Integrated Element 3 (CJIE3). L8 hosted a T6SS-containing CJIE3， notably featuring insertion of two long segments and multiple consecutive or scattered mutations were exhibited in the C-terminal VgrG， a key effector of the T6SS. The complete cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) gene was present in L8， and the CdtA sequence significantly differed from other strains. L8 contained 83 virulence factors crucial for maintaining C. jejuni's virulence traits， with the highest similarity to NCTC11168. In comparison to NCTC 11168， L8 harboured 90 additional genes， 55 of which had functional annotations， including the 13 major components of T6SS. The sequence type of L8 was ST-464， classified within the widely distributed BAPS cluster 1. Our study suggests that the C-terminal VgrG domain of T6SS probably altered to a virulence protein that could be a major factor， contributing to the specific clinical phenotype of this case. Furthermore， we wish to focus on the potential effect of T6SS in the pathogenesis， in studying the genetic feature of the patient’s clinical phenotypes.
一位无泻肚症状空肠迤逦菌患者的感染及基因组特征 — 中国， 2018年
杨向东1，2；王文1；崔茶进3；于彬彬2；张青2；王艳华1#
1． 传染病溯源预警与智能决议寰宇重心实验室，中国疾病贯注结果中心传染病贯注结果所，生态医学中心，北京，中国；
2． 云南省场地病防治所，东说念主兽共患病防治科，大理白族自治州，云南省，中国；
3． 云南省泸西县东说念主民病院，医学考研科，红河哈尼族彝族自治州，云南省，中国。
#通信作家：王艳华，wangyanhua@icdc.cn。
又名感染空肠迤逦菌的患儿莫得典型的泻肚症状，而是出现高烧和抽搐。本洽商旨在探究引起这一独到表型的遗传特征。从患儿体内分离的L8菌株进行全基因组测序后，接受贝叶斯种群结构分析法（BAPS），对有代表性的83个菌株进行了系统发育分析。随后将L8菌株与参考菌株通过基因组比较，以评估常见毒力因子的漫衍并签订迥殊的毒力因子。此外，还对VI型分泌系统（T6SS）和空肠迤逦菌整合元件3（CJIE3）进行了分析。L8包含一个带有T6SS 的CJIE3，其显赫性格是插入了两个长片断。何况，在T6SS的要道效应因子VgrG的C端，出现了多个流畅或散在的突变。L8中含有完整的细胞致死彭胀毒素（CDT）基因，其CdtA序列与其他菌株存在显赫各异。L8含有83个守护空肠迤逦菌毒力特征的要道因子，与NCTC11168的雷同度最高。与NCTC 11168比较，L8多了90个基因，其中55个有功能醒目，包括T6SS的13个主要因素。L8的序列型为ST-464，属于正常漫衍的BAPS-1簇。咱们的洽商请示，T6SS中VgrG的C端结构域可能还是飘动为一种毒力卵白，这一调动可能是导致该病例出现迥殊临床表型的主要因素。此外，咱们但愿在洽商患者临床表型的遗传特征时，重心调治T6SS在发病机制中的潜在作用。
For more information: https://weekly.chinacdc.cn/en/article/doi/10.46234/ccdcw2024.182
A Review of the Latest Control Strategies for Mosquito-Borne Diseases
Jing Ni1&; Jinna Wang2&; Chunfu Fang3&; Wenrong Zhang1; Zhenyu Gong2#
1. School of Public Health， Hangzhou Medical College， Hangzhou City， Zhejiang Province， China;
2. Institute of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control， Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention， Hangzhou City， Zhejiang Province， China.
3. Institute of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control， Quzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention， Quzhou City， Zhejiang Province， China.
& Joint first authors.
Corresponding author: Zhenyu Gong， zhygong@cdc.zj.cn.
Mosquito-borne diseases are persistent and easily severe diseases that are a crisis to global pandemic health. Moreover， the risk of transmission of mosquito-borne disease viruses is rapidly increasing with the unprecedented spread of mosquito-borne diseases viruses such as dengue and chikungunya viruses， disruption of the global mosquito-borne diseases control process due to the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) emergence in 2019， global warming and human activities. To address this global challenge， various innovative mosquito control technologies are currently being developed in various countries. Therefore， this paper will summarize the latest mosquito vector control advances， with a focus on China's latest control strategies for mosquito， to provide experience for subsequent implementation of the latest mosquito-borne diseases control measures.
最新的蚊媒传染病防控计策
倪静1&；王金娜2&；方春福3&；张文蓉1；龚震宇2#
1. 杭州医学院环球卫生学院，杭州市，浙江省，中国；
2. 浙江省疾病贯注结果中心传染病贯注结果所，杭州市，浙江省，中国；
3. 衢州市疾病贯注结果中心，衢州市，浙江省，中国。
&共同第一作家。
#通信作家：龚震宇，zhygong@cdc.zj.cn。
本文总结最新的蚊媒传染病防控进展，重心先容中国最新的蚊虫结果计策，为后续实验最新的蚊媒疾病结果措施提供警戒。著述从蚊媒传染病的全球瞻望、全球防蚊计策与挑战、中国浙江“无蚊村”最新进展三方面来先容，分析总结全球最新蚊媒传染病防治计策。从全球瞻望到计策与挑战、再到中国无蚊村最新进展，防治计策耐久强调的是“环境-宿主引子-东说念主类健康”，耐久实验监测指令下的引子生物概括结果和处理，将引子生物耐久结果在不及为害的水平。全球最新蚊媒传染病防治计策耐久除名“2017-2030全球病媒结果对策”的理念，坚握对蚊媒传染病进行概括处理和可握续结果，是达成健康效益、社会效益、经济效益及生态环境概括效益的圆义举措。
For more information: https://weekly.chinacdc.cn/en/article/doi/10.46234/ccdcw2024.183